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The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) is a third-generation axial instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The initial design and scientific capabilities of ACS were defined by a team based at Johns Hopkins University. ACS was assembled and tested extensively at Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. and the Goddard Space Flight Center and underwent a final flight-ready verification at the Kennedy Space Center before integration in the cargo bay of the Columbia orbiter. It was launched on March 1, 2002 as part of Servicing Mission 3B (STS-109) and installed in HST on March 7, replacing the Faint Object Camera (FOC), the last original instrument. ACS cost US$86 million at that time.[1]
ACS is a highly versatile instrument that became the primary imaging instrument aboard HST. It offered several important advantages over other HST instruments: three independent, high-resolution channels covering the ultraviolet to the near-infrared regions of the spectrum, a large detector area and quantum efficiency, resulting in an increase in HST's discovery efficiency by a factor of ten, a rich complement of filters, and coronagraphic, polarimetric, and grism capabilities. The observations undertaken with ACS provided astronomers with a view of the Universe with uniquely high sensitivity, as exemplified by the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field, and encompass a wide range of astronomical phenomena, from comets and planets in the Solar System to the most distant quasars known.
The Avigilon Cloud Services (ACS) platform connects your Avigilon Control Center (ACC) sites to the cloud. This enables remote access to your system from anywhere from a browser or our ACC mobile app. Centralized Access. If you have multiple sites, ACS makes it easy to reach all your sites with convenient, centralized access to distributed sites. Cookies are important to the proper functioning of a site. To improve your experience, we use cookies to remember log-in details and provide secure log-in, collect statistics to optimize site functionality, and deliver content tailored to your interests. Access downloadable American Community Survey (ACS) files on the Census Bureau's file transfer protocol (FTP) server. American Community Survey Summary File Data The ACS Summary File is a set of comma-delimited text files that contain all of the detailed tables for the ACS. To Our Valued Dealers / Distributors, Kindly contact us to get password. (Password is one time use only). Thank you very much. CMS 3.0 XMEYE (July 2018 updated version) 1 file(s) 41.84 MB. ©ACE CCTV Camera 2021 Search.
ACS problems and fixes 2006–2009[edit]
On 25 June 2006 ACS went out of action due to electronic failure. It was powered up successfully after switching to its redundant (Side-2) set of electronics. The instrument sub-systems, including the CCD detectors, all seemed to be working well and after some engineering tests, ACS resumed science operations on July 4, 2006.[2][3] On 23 September 2006, the ACS again failed, though by 9 October the problem had been diagnosed and resolved.[4] On January 27, 2007 the ACS failed due to a short circuit in its backup power supply.[5] The instrument's Solar Blind Channel (SBC) was returned to operation on 19 February 2007 using the side-1 electronics. The Wide Field Channel (WFC) was returned to service by STS-125 in May 2009. The High Resolution Channel (HRC), however, remains offline.[6]
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Channels and detectors[edit]
ACS includes three independent channels (one now disabled), each optimized for specific scientific tasks:
Wide Field Channel (WFC)[edit]
The WFC is the most utilized channel of ACS. Its detector consists of two butted 2048x4096, 15 µm/pixel charge-coupled devices (CCDs) for a total of 16 megapixels manufactured by Scientific Imaging Technologies (SITe). The WFC plate scale is 0.05″ per pixel and it has an effective field-of-view of 202″×202″. The spectral range of the WFC detector is 350–1100 nm.[7]
An example of a use of this channel was SWEEPS, which found 16 candidate exoplanets in the Galactic core.
High-Resolution Channel (HRC)[edit]
The HRC, which has been permanently disabled since 2007 due to an electrical fault, provided ultra-sharp views over a smaller field-of-view.
The HRC detector was a 1024×1024 SITe CCD which had a smaller field-of-view (26'×29') than the WFC but twice the spatial sampling (0.025' per pixel). This detector was also significantly more sensitive than the WFC at near-ultraviolet wavelengths (<350 nm).
The channel used two light suppression options for imaging faint objects around bright stars, improving the contrast of targets close to bright sources by tenfold. The first was a commandable coronagraphic mask that included two occulting spots, one of diameter 1.8' at the center of the field and the other of diameter 3.0' nearer to a corner. The first spot was the most popular of the two, for example, for imaging circumstellar disks around nearby bright stars or the host galaxies of luminous quasars. The second was the so-called Fastie Finger, 0.8' in width and 5' in length, located at the entrance of the HRC dewar window.
Solar Blind Channel (SBC)[edit]
The Multi Anode Microchannel Array (MAMA) of the SBC is a low-background photon-counting device optimized for the ultraviolet in the wavelength range of 115–170 nm. It consists of a photocathode, a microchannel plate, and an anode array. Its spatial sampling is 0.034'x0.030' per pixel and its field-of-view is 34.6'×30.0'.[9] The ACS SBC is in fact a flight spare from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS).
Gallery[edit]
The ACS during assembly.
ACS Wide Field Channel (ACS/WFC) image of NGC 3370 from 2002.
ACS High-Resolution Channel (ACS/HRC) image of Ceres from 2005.
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Filters and dispersers[edit]
ACS possesses a set of 38 filters and dispersers distributed among three wheels. Two of these wheels are shared by the HRC and WFC light paths while the third is dedicated to the SBC. The HRC and WFC elements consist of eleven broad-band filters, one medium-band filter, five narrow-band filters, three visible and three ultraviolet polarizers, one prism for the HRC, and one grism (580–1100 nm). Four of the filters have bandpasses in the near-ultraviolet and so can be used with the HRC only. The primary broad-band filters are equivalent to the u, g, r, i, and z filters of the ground-based Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Five linear ramp filters divided into three individual segments each provide continuous imaging capability from 380 nm to 1070 nm and so ensure adequate sampling of emission lines over a large range in redshift. Only the middle segment is accessible to the HRC. The SBC wheel is populated with one medium-band filter (Lyα), five long-pass filters, and two objective prisms.
Timeline[edit]
- March 7, 2002, ACS installed in the Hubble Space Telescope[10] (STS-109)
- June 19, 2006; ACS/WFC and HRC go offline due to problem with Low Voltage Power Supply [11][1]
- July 4, 2006 ACS resumed science operations by switching to back-up electronics[3]
- 23 September 23, 2006, the ACS goes offline again[4]
- October 9, 2006 ACS problem diagnosed and resolved.[4]
- January 27, 2007 the ACS failed due to a short circuit in its backup power supply.[5]
- 2009, ACS/WFC repaired[11] (STS-125)
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abMcKee, Maggie. 'NASA attempts to revive Hubble's main camera'. New Scientist.
- ^'Advanced Camera for Surveys Update'. STScI. 2006-06-30. Archived from the original on 2012-08-05.
- ^ ab'Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys Resumes Exploring the Universe' (Press release). STScI. 12 July 2006.
- ^ abc'Hubble ACS Status Report #3'. Space Telescope Science Institute. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
- ^ ab'Engineers Investigate Issue on One of Hubble's Science Instruments' (Press release). NASA. January 29, 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
- ^Harwood, William (May 17, 2009). 'Part of camera in newly repaired instrument revived'. Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 20 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-17.
- ^'ACS Detectors'. STScI.
- ^'HubbleSite: Image - Sharpest Ever Color View of Mars'. hubblesite.org.
- ^'4.4 The SBC MAMA - HST User Documentation'. hst-docs.stsci.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
- ^'NASA: Hubble Space Telecope's Main Camera Offline, Some Science Lost'. Space.com.
- ^ ab'Repair of Advanced Camera for Surveys'. www.spacetelescope.org.
External links[edit]
- Media related to Advanced Camera for Surveys at Wikimedia Commons
- the ACS Web site at Johns Hopkins University, which includes a complete description of the instrument, the ground calibration campaigns, the detectors, and the filters.
- the ACS Web site at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
- a collection of HST images, including ACS, at the Gallery of the Hubble Site
Features
Download Acs Cameras Systems
Boost Mode
Boost Mode*1 combines nac's unique sensor technology with a proprietary signal processing method to increase frame rate and resolution with little or no image degradation. This is a powerful tool for any application requiring higher frame rates and larger resolutions.
Boost up Frame Rate
@1280 x 800 pixels
Normal Mode: 16,000 fps -> Boost Mode: 30,000 fps
Boost up Resolutions
@30,000fps
Normal Mode: 1280x400 pixels -> Boost Mode: 1280x800 pixels
*1 Boost Mode is currently available on monochrome models only.
High Light Sensitivity ISO 100,000
All ACS series cameras are equipped with state-of-the-art CMOS sensors featuring extremely high light sensitivity (monochrome ISO 100,000). Even in low light environments, the ACS produces bright, dynamic, and crisp images, making the ACS-3 M16 an ideal tool for high magnification and microscope applications – no need for bright lights on heat sensitive subjects.
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PC-less Operation
No PC, no problem! The ACS series V-PAD offers a beautiful HD viewfinder with full touchscreen camera control. Whether you are out in the field or in a restricted area where PC control is not practical, the V-PAD allows for full control of the ACS camera – from setup, to capture, to review, to saving – all with an intuitive touch screen interface.
Compact Standalone System
The ACS-3 provides many of the same features and benefits of its high-performing predecessor, the ACS-1, but in a smaller, lighter form factor. Compared to prior nac models like the MEMRECAM HX-3, the ACS-3 is a full 40% smaller and 30% lighter. The ACS-3 is a mobile and reliable system for almost any high-speed camera application.
Easy Synchronization of Multiple Cameras
With both SYNC-IN and SYNC-OUT connectors on its rear panel, the ACS offers incredibly simple and accurate camera synchronization. ACS cameras can be synchronized to each other using a single sync cable. No trigger distribution boxes or external sync devices are required.
Comparison Table of nac High-Speed Cameras